When the issue of animal welfare is under consideration, two opposing views have recently been in contrast with each other: 1) The first can be expressed with a quote from Mahatma Gandhi (cited by Appleby and Hughes, 1997): The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.Similar, but more direct, is

The widely used animal models for tuberculosis (TB) display fundamental differences from human TB.Therefore, a validated model that recapitulates human lung TB is attractive for TB research.Here, we describe a unique method for establishment of TB infection in an experimental human lung tissue model.The model is based on cell lines derived from hum

Tuttuk (caribou (Rangifer tarandus)) populations are in decline across Canada, making them a major conservation concern for Inuit of Nunatsiavut (Northern Labrador) and Nunavik (Northern Quebec).This study investigates changes to caribou forage over 14 years at two tundra sites in northern Nunatsiavut, Labrador.We ask: (1) How much of the total veg

The process of tooth mineralization and the role of molecular control of cellular behavior during embryonic tooth development have attracted much attention the last few years.The knowledge gained from the research in these fields has improved the general understanding about the formation of dental tissues and the entire Eyebrow Filler tooth and set

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally, with a high recurrence rate.It is primarily caused by abnormalities in the epithelial layer lining the bladder and is classified from non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) S249C mu